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Thursday, 31 December 2009
Friday, 25 December 2009
THE MARKETING MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Marketing Strategy
A strategy is a fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource deployments, and interactions of an organization with markets, competitors, and other environmental factors.
Rather than a single comprehensive strategy, many organizations have a hierarchy of interrelated strategies, each formulated at a different level of the firm three major levels of strategy in most large, multi-product organizations are:
Ø Corporate strategy
Ø Business-level strategy
Ø Functional strategies, e.g. marketing strategy
(refer to Page 5, Table 1.2 for the Different planning levels in the company)
Mission
A firm’s mission is the senior management’s view of what the organizational seeks to do and become over the long term. E.g. McDonald’s combine their mission with a vision statement:
Our vision is to be world’s best ‘quick service restaurant’. This means opening running great restaurants and providing exceptional quality, service, cleanliness and value.
Source: www.mcdonalds.com.
Objectives
Objectives in the hierarchical definition of strategy are the specific performance targets that firms aspire to in each of the areas included in a firm’s mission statement.
Marketing plan
To be most effective, a plan must be formalized usually in written form, as an identifiable marketing plan. The process of marketing management and the development of a marketing plan is no different from any other functional areas of management in that it essentially comprises four key tasks.
Analysis
The starting point of marketing management decisions is analysis. Customers, competitors, trends and changes in the environment, and internal strengths and weaknesses must each be fully understood by the marketer before effective marketing plans can be established. Analysis in turn, requires information using systematic market research and marketing information systems.
Planning
The second task of the manager is the planning process. The marketing manager must plan both long-term marketing directions for the organization (strategic planning), including, e.g. the selection of target markets, and the marketing programmes and tactics that will be used to support these strategic plans.
Implementation
Both strategic and tactical plans must be acted upon if they are to have any effect. The implantation tasks of marketing management involve such activities as staffing, allocating task and responsibilities, budgeting, and securing any financial and other resources need to carry out the plans. Actions include activities, like placing an advert in the right media, delivering products, doing customer surveys.
Control
The fourth task is measuring and evaluating progress against objectives and targets established in plans.
Strengths of the hierarchical approach to marketing planning
The hierarchical approach has three important strengths. They are:
v It emphasizes the link between strategy and performance
v This hierarchical definition focuses on the multiple levels of analysis that are important in formulating and implementing strategies.
v This hierarchical definition emphasizes that strategy in order to have an impact on performance, cannot remain simply an idea in an organization.
Weaknesses of the hierarchical approach to marketing planning
The most important weaknesses of the hierarchical approach are as follows:
q Has a very underdeveloped notion of the external competitive environment’s impact on strategy formulation and implementation.
q It tends to focus, almost exclusively, on formal, routine, bureaucratic strategy-making processes.
q Despite their apparent rigor (firmness) and clarity, they often fail to give significant guidance to managers when they are applied in real organizations.
The traditional (transactional) marketing (TM) concept versus the relationship marketing (RM) concept
The American Marketing Association (AMA), an international organization of practitioners and academicians, defines marketing as follows:
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.
Traditional (transactional) marketing concept is:
Ø The conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services.
Ø Independence of choice among marketing players creates a more efficient system for creating and distributing marketing value.
The model of transaction marketing (as in the 4Ps) rests on three assumptions:
Ø There is a large number of potential customers
Ø The customers and their needs are fairly homogeneous
Ø It is rather easy to replace lost customers with new customers
The relationship marketing (RM) concept
According to Gordon (1998), p.9,
Relationship marketing is the ongoing process of identifying and creating new value with individual customers and then sharing the benefits from this over a lifetime of association. It involves the understanding, focusing, and management of ongoing collaboration between suppliers and selected customers for mutual value creation and sharing through interdependence and organizational alignment.
RM not only attempts to involve and integrate suppliers and customers. Besides a need for focusing on customer retention, Payne (1995) emphasizes that RM indicates a shift towards the organization of marketing activities around cross-functional functions. Payne (1995) presents six markets that need to be considered if the customer is to be served satisfactorily. They are:
1. Customer markets – (Customer retention, customer lifetime value).
2. Internal markets – Internal marketing: every employee is an internal customer or an internal supplier.
3. Supplier markets – collaboration with key suppliers.
4. Referral markets – Creation of advocates (besides customers): intermediaries, agencies.
5. Recruitment markets – Human resources/skilled people.
6. Influence markets – Industry related influencers: associations, governments departments (universities).
Please see Table 1.3 for the important differences between the two marketing orientations of transactional and relationship marketing.
How the RM concept influences the traditional marketing concept
Some of the consequences of a relationship orientation for the traditional four marketing parameters (4Ps) are given:
Product
RM, when appropriately implemented, results in products being cooperatively designed, developed, tested, piloted, provided, installed, and refined. RM involves real-time interaction between the company and its priority customers as the company seeks to move more rapidly to meet customer requirements.
Price
Relationship oriented pricing is centered on the application of price differentiation strategies. The pricing should correspond to customer lifetime values.
Distribution
The general message of RM for distribution is that it should get closer to the customer. RM considers distribution from the perspective of the customer, who decides where, how, and when to buy the combination of products and services that constitute the vendor’s total offering. Seen this way, distribution is not a channel but a process.
Communication (promotion)
RM gives individual customers an opportunity to decide how they wish to communicate with the enterprise, how often, and with whom. The RM approach indicates the need for integrated communication and the demand for interactive communication.
Different organizational forms of RM
RM can be categorized into three forms of organization:
1. Dyadic relationships – a dyadic buyer-seller relationship that tends to ignore the role of other elements in the distribution channel and the role of other stakeholders.
2. Chain of relationships – although the unit of analysis is still dyadic, the dyad can be other than one buyer-seller relationship.
3. Networks – a more complex structure of relationships or networks involving three or more parties.
A strategy is a fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource deployments, and interactions of an organization with markets, competitors, and other environmental factors.
Rather than a single comprehensive strategy, many organizations have a hierarchy of interrelated strategies, each formulated at a different level of the firm three major levels of strategy in most large, multi-product organizations are:
Ø Corporate strategy
Ø Business-level strategy
Ø Functional strategies, e.g. marketing strategy
(refer to Page 5, Table 1.2 for the Different planning levels in the company)
Mission
A firm’s mission is the senior management’s view of what the organizational seeks to do and become over the long term. E.g. McDonald’s combine their mission with a vision statement:
Our vision is to be world’s best ‘quick service restaurant’. This means opening running great restaurants and providing exceptional quality, service, cleanliness and value.
Source: www.mcdonalds.com.
Objectives
Objectives in the hierarchical definition of strategy are the specific performance targets that firms aspire to in each of the areas included in a firm’s mission statement.
Marketing plan
To be most effective, a plan must be formalized usually in written form, as an identifiable marketing plan. The process of marketing management and the development of a marketing plan is no different from any other functional areas of management in that it essentially comprises four key tasks.
Analysis
The starting point of marketing management decisions is analysis. Customers, competitors, trends and changes in the environment, and internal strengths and weaknesses must each be fully understood by the marketer before effective marketing plans can be established. Analysis in turn, requires information using systematic market research and marketing information systems.
Planning
The second task of the manager is the planning process. The marketing manager must plan both long-term marketing directions for the organization (strategic planning), including, e.g. the selection of target markets, and the marketing programmes and tactics that will be used to support these strategic plans.
Implementation
Both strategic and tactical plans must be acted upon if they are to have any effect. The implantation tasks of marketing management involve such activities as staffing, allocating task and responsibilities, budgeting, and securing any financial and other resources need to carry out the plans. Actions include activities, like placing an advert in the right media, delivering products, doing customer surveys.
Control
The fourth task is measuring and evaluating progress against objectives and targets established in plans.
Strengths of the hierarchical approach to marketing planning
The hierarchical approach has three important strengths. They are:
v It emphasizes the link between strategy and performance
v This hierarchical definition focuses on the multiple levels of analysis that are important in formulating and implementing strategies.
v This hierarchical definition emphasizes that strategy in order to have an impact on performance, cannot remain simply an idea in an organization.
Weaknesses of the hierarchical approach to marketing planning
The most important weaknesses of the hierarchical approach are as follows:
q Has a very underdeveloped notion of the external competitive environment’s impact on strategy formulation and implementation.
q It tends to focus, almost exclusively, on formal, routine, bureaucratic strategy-making processes.
q Despite their apparent rigor (firmness) and clarity, they often fail to give significant guidance to managers when they are applied in real organizations.
The traditional (transactional) marketing (TM) concept versus the relationship marketing (RM) concept
The American Marketing Association (AMA), an international organization of practitioners and academicians, defines marketing as follows:
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.
Traditional (transactional) marketing concept is:
Ø The conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services.
Ø Independence of choice among marketing players creates a more efficient system for creating and distributing marketing value.
The model of transaction marketing (as in the 4Ps) rests on three assumptions:
Ø There is a large number of potential customers
Ø The customers and their needs are fairly homogeneous
Ø It is rather easy to replace lost customers with new customers
The relationship marketing (RM) concept
According to Gordon (1998), p.9,
Relationship marketing is the ongoing process of identifying and creating new value with individual customers and then sharing the benefits from this over a lifetime of association. It involves the understanding, focusing, and management of ongoing collaboration between suppliers and selected customers for mutual value creation and sharing through interdependence and organizational alignment.
RM not only attempts to involve and integrate suppliers and customers. Besides a need for focusing on customer retention, Payne (1995) emphasizes that RM indicates a shift towards the organization of marketing activities around cross-functional functions. Payne (1995) presents six markets that need to be considered if the customer is to be served satisfactorily. They are:
1. Customer markets – (Customer retention, customer lifetime value).
2. Internal markets – Internal marketing: every employee is an internal customer or an internal supplier.
3. Supplier markets – collaboration with key suppliers.
4. Referral markets – Creation of advocates (besides customers): intermediaries, agencies.
5. Recruitment markets – Human resources/skilled people.
6. Influence markets – Industry related influencers: associations, governments departments (universities).
Please see Table 1.3 for the important differences between the two marketing orientations of transactional and relationship marketing.
How the RM concept influences the traditional marketing concept
Some of the consequences of a relationship orientation for the traditional four marketing parameters (4Ps) are given:
Product
RM, when appropriately implemented, results in products being cooperatively designed, developed, tested, piloted, provided, installed, and refined. RM involves real-time interaction between the company and its priority customers as the company seeks to move more rapidly to meet customer requirements.
Price
Relationship oriented pricing is centered on the application of price differentiation strategies. The pricing should correspond to customer lifetime values.
Distribution
The general message of RM for distribution is that it should get closer to the customer. RM considers distribution from the perspective of the customer, who decides where, how, and when to buy the combination of products and services that constitute the vendor’s total offering. Seen this way, distribution is not a channel but a process.
Communication (promotion)
RM gives individual customers an opportunity to decide how they wish to communicate with the enterprise, how often, and with whom. The RM approach indicates the need for integrated communication and the demand for interactive communication.
Different organizational forms of RM
RM can be categorized into three forms of organization:
1. Dyadic relationships – a dyadic buyer-seller relationship that tends to ignore the role of other elements in the distribution channel and the role of other stakeholders.
2. Chain of relationships – although the unit of analysis is still dyadic, the dyad can be other than one buyer-seller relationship.
3. Networks – a more complex structure of relationships or networks involving three or more parties.
SWOT Analysis of Gaming Industry: Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo
SWOT is acronym for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Thread. In Essence a SWOT analysis is geared toward predictability of obvious and hidden factors that may influence the outcome of marketing and sales.
In terms of gaming industry, Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo with their respective hardware’s MS Xbox 360, PS 3 and Nintendo Wii illustrate the first tier competitors in U.S. as well as globally.
Microsoft Xbox 360
Strength:
• Integration of next generation DVD players i.e. HD technology
• Backward compatibility with previous Xbox games
• Online product – the first of its kind
• Lower price than most comparable competitor PS3
Weakness:
• Expensive hardware and games
• Production flows
• Direct competition with Nintendo because of equally large customer base
Opportunity
• Penetration of new markets in ME
• Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling
• Partnership with Hollywood studios
Threat
• Lower cost competitor i.e. Nintendo
• Anti trust issues in Europe
• Hardware complication
Sony Play Station 3
Strength:
• Integration of next generation DVD players
• Backward compatibility with previous PS2
• Mostly Free Online product
• Recent decline in profits
Weakness:
• Expensive hardware and games
Opportunity
• Great product lunch covering global spectrum.
• Penetration of new markets in ME
• Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling
• Partnership with Hollywood studios
Threat
• Lower cost competitor i.e. Nintendo
• Delays in production
• Constant strategy change
Nintendo Wii
Strength:
• Uniqueness of hardware motion detection
• Low cost hardware and software
• Intuitive usage
Weakness:
• Joystick liability
• Limited selection of software
Opportunity
• Penetration of new markets in ME / Europe / Asia
• Marketing to novice gamers including seniors and adults
Threat
• Loss of potential customer because of lack of software selection and sophistication of games.
• Software developers abandon game development because of lack of adequate profits.
In terms of gaming industry, Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo with their respective hardware’s MS Xbox 360, PS 3 and Nintendo Wii illustrate the first tier competitors in U.S. as well as globally.
Microsoft Xbox 360
Strength:
• Integration of next generation DVD players i.e. HD technology
• Backward compatibility with previous Xbox games
• Online product – the first of its kind
• Lower price than most comparable competitor PS3
Weakness:
• Expensive hardware and games
• Production flows
• Direct competition with Nintendo because of equally large customer base
Opportunity
• Penetration of new markets in ME
• Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling
• Partnership with Hollywood studios
Threat
• Lower cost competitor i.e. Nintendo
• Anti trust issues in Europe
• Hardware complication
Sony Play Station 3
Strength:
• Integration of next generation DVD players
• Backward compatibility with previous PS2
• Mostly Free Online product
• Recent decline in profits
Weakness:
• Expensive hardware and games
Opportunity
• Great product lunch covering global spectrum.
• Penetration of new markets in ME
• Penetration of untouched markets by means of bundling
• Partnership with Hollywood studios
Threat
• Lower cost competitor i.e. Nintendo
• Delays in production
• Constant strategy change
Nintendo Wii
Strength:
• Uniqueness of hardware motion detection
• Low cost hardware and software
• Intuitive usage
Weakness:
• Joystick liability
• Limited selection of software
Opportunity
• Penetration of new markets in ME / Europe / Asia
• Marketing to novice gamers including seniors and adults
Threat
• Loss of potential customer because of lack of software selection and sophistication of games.
• Software developers abandon game development because of lack of adequate profits.
MACRO AND MICRO ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS FOR NINTENDO
Macro Environment
Macro environment is said to be the most general layer of the environment. This consists of broad environmental factors that have an impact on the organisation. The PESTEL framework helps us to identify the future trends which might impinge on Nintendo and therefore identify the key drivers of change. On the other hand the five forces framework helps to understand how the competitive dynamics within and around the video game industry are changing.
The two frameworks are discussed below:
PESTEL Framework:
This categorises environmental influences into six main types, namely: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. A PESTEL analysis on the video game industry is carried out below:
Political: Factors such as taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies influence the video game industry. Video games have a tendency to play with the emotions of people which inturn can threaten peace and law, a country being multicultural. Therefore Government has the authority to control the contents of the video game frames.
Economic:
Places such as U.S and Japan are largely dominated by the video game business. Therefore contributing towards the GDP of their countries. Interest rates have not much impact on the video game business as they manufacture their own units. The disposable income of the consumers in the video game industry has an effect on their buying behaviour. For example people who fall under a low income range may not afford to buy a video game of a high price. Nintendo’s low manufacturing cost was also one of the reasons for it to sell its games at a nominal price, therefore increasing its sales.
Social:
The social factors that influence the video game industry are population demographics, income distribution, lifestyle changes, social mobility, attributes to work, consumerism, level of education and consumer behaviour. Nintendo’s action to open the World of Nintendo showrooms was to attract and influence customers and show interest towards fulfilling the customers' needs. Also, games have an influence to the culture of people, bring aggression in children, etc all which have an impact on the industry.
Technological:
The role of technology is vital in this industry as it focuses on technological efforts for competitive advantage. Every new development uses new technology. Though there are restricted innovations in the gaming industry, the speed of technological transfer is very high. Nintendo’s role from playing cards to toys to video games and then with each console introduced, included many technological changes. Technological upgradation increased hardware costs and discouraged innovation. The online capability of Nintendo Wii was a major change in the technology of the video game industry.
Environmental:
The video game industry uses a lot of plastic resources. Playing games on television or computers does consume a lot of power. Nintendo therefore see to it that their games utilise low power. On the other hand protecting the environment and practicing a “green” lifestyle is a value many of today’s parents are trying to teach their children. Nintendo facilitates in that effort through the creation of “Super Mario Sunshine” and “Chibi-Robo: Park Patrol”, which challenge players to improve the environment around them.
Legal:
The legal issues faced by the video game industry include trademarks, copyrights, licensing, online ownership, revenue recognition and demands of intellectual property. The other issues that can be considered are product and health safety. It has become an accepted practice for the console manufacturers to lose money on the hardware and to recover the loss by charging high licensing fees to game publishers and developers.
Five forces Framework:
This helps us to identify the sources of competition in the video game industry. The five forces may be interdependent i.e. pressures from one direction can trigger off changes in another in a dynamic process of shifting sources of competition. Industry rivalry here occurs in the strategic alliances i.e. battle to control market. With huge players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft there is a tuff battle between companies to dominate the market. The threat of entrants into the industry can be negligible with the existence of players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft etc. There can be no substitute to the video games. The Power of Buyers in the video game industry is low as there are very few successful companies in the video game industry, therefore a small variety of video games available to the buyers. On the other hand, the Power of Suppliers is very high as there are more suppliers available to a handful of companies in the video game industry.
Micro Environment
Suppliers:
Companies being the developers of their own video games become the suppliers themselves. The augmented products used in the development of these games may include cd’s, hard disks, electronic components, software’s, game writers, packaging of the consoles, printing of manuals and additional features like graphics etc to make the games more popular.
Distributors:
Distributors play a vital role in the video game industry. They include the local store distributors and now days the online distributors too who have majorly contributed to the video game industry. However it is essential to know the potential distributors of video games as some might just act as middlemen to make profits.
Customers:
The individuals playing video games comprise an increasingly large and definition-defying group. According to the Entertainment Software Association, the average gamer is 35 years old and has been playing for 13 years. Incidentally, there are more gamers than non-gamers in the U.S. population almost half of which are female. Today’s video game players include a diverse segment of students, employees, military troops, seniors, mothers and fathers who have driven the evolution of games into new territory. The first gamers have grown up, started families and included their children and parents in the fun, multiplying the pool of multi-generational gamers exponentially. As the population of gamers has expanded, market forces have driven game developers to make games more accessible to this new, diverse audience.
Competitors:
Sony and Microsoft are the major competitors of Nintendo. Sony has about 70% share in the market with Nintendo and Microsoft commanding rest of the market. Nintendo continues to be the market leader in the hand video games and is able to maintain a low price in the hardware. It and has a good reputation for maintaining healthy relationship with outside parties. The other small players like Sega, Vivendi and Universal Games, concentrate mainly on Arcade games, which are not a major threat to Nintendo. In general, the company offering good graphics games at competitive prices can become a leader in the gaming sector. But at the same time, it should also come up with newer products by carefully analysing the changing requirements of the users.
Video Game Markets and Consumer Behavior
Analysing consumer buying behaviour is important to marketers as this helps them to determine what satisfies consumers so that they can implement the marketing concept and predict how consumers will respond to different marketing strategies.
The decision making behaviour of a consumer within the video game industry is of high involvement and are based on the views of the opinion leaders. The influences that affect consumer buying decision process within the video game industry may be either the personal or the social factors.
Segmentation within the video game industry is done according to demographic, psychographic and behavioural. Over the period, the demographics of the customers played a major role, from children to the middle aged, also the women, the video game industry now has a wide audience. The psychographic aspect of video games reflects Maslow’s theory wherein the industry becomes a part of the social and esteem needs. The industry has change from being confined to oneself to become a part of social class and lifestyle.
The industry mainly depends on word of mouth as its communication strategy. The various marketing strategies used by them include the frontal attack and the Guerilla strategy. The promotion of a product helps in positioning them. For example Nintendo had created an intense buzz in the gaming community about the release of Wii and planned for in store advertisement.
Need extra income? Need to lose weight? Need to get fit? Need to get healthier? Go here!
Bertahun-tahun naikkan lemak badan. Lemak jadi keras dan degil. Turunkan lemak badan... guna Herbalife 2-5 bulan. Berhenti, naik balik dalam masa 6 bulan... jangan risau, itu bukan lemak yang bertahun2. Sekejap sahaja boleh turunkan balik. Saya boleh bantu. Kalau Ustaz Norazman boleh buat, kenapa tidak kita?
Macro environment is said to be the most general layer of the environment. This consists of broad environmental factors that have an impact on the organisation. The PESTEL framework helps us to identify the future trends which might impinge on Nintendo and therefore identify the key drivers of change. On the other hand the five forces framework helps to understand how the competitive dynamics within and around the video game industry are changing.
The two frameworks are discussed below:
PESTEL Framework:
This categorises environmental influences into six main types, namely: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. A PESTEL analysis on the video game industry is carried out below:
Political: Factors such as taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies influence the video game industry. Video games have a tendency to play with the emotions of people which inturn can threaten peace and law, a country being multicultural. Therefore Government has the authority to control the contents of the video game frames.
Economic:
Places such as U.S and Japan are largely dominated by the video game business. Therefore contributing towards the GDP of their countries. Interest rates have not much impact on the video game business as they manufacture their own units. The disposable income of the consumers in the video game industry has an effect on their buying behaviour. For example people who fall under a low income range may not afford to buy a video game of a high price. Nintendo’s low manufacturing cost was also one of the reasons for it to sell its games at a nominal price, therefore increasing its sales.
Social:
The social factors that influence the video game industry are population demographics, income distribution, lifestyle changes, social mobility, attributes to work, consumerism, level of education and consumer behaviour. Nintendo’s action to open the World of Nintendo showrooms was to attract and influence customers and show interest towards fulfilling the customers' needs. Also, games have an influence to the culture of people, bring aggression in children, etc all which have an impact on the industry.
Technological:
The role of technology is vital in this industry as it focuses on technological efforts for competitive advantage. Every new development uses new technology. Though there are restricted innovations in the gaming industry, the speed of technological transfer is very high. Nintendo’s role from playing cards to toys to video games and then with each console introduced, included many technological changes. Technological upgradation increased hardware costs and discouraged innovation. The online capability of Nintendo Wii was a major change in the technology of the video game industry.
Environmental:
The video game industry uses a lot of plastic resources. Playing games on television or computers does consume a lot of power. Nintendo therefore see to it that their games utilise low power. On the other hand protecting the environment and practicing a “green” lifestyle is a value many of today’s parents are trying to teach their children. Nintendo facilitates in that effort through the creation of “Super Mario Sunshine” and “Chibi-Robo: Park Patrol”, which challenge players to improve the environment around them.
Legal:
The legal issues faced by the video game industry include trademarks, copyrights, licensing, online ownership, revenue recognition and demands of intellectual property. The other issues that can be considered are product and health safety. It has become an accepted practice for the console manufacturers to lose money on the hardware and to recover the loss by charging high licensing fees to game publishers and developers.
Five forces Framework:
This helps us to identify the sources of competition in the video game industry. The five forces may be interdependent i.e. pressures from one direction can trigger off changes in another in a dynamic process of shifting sources of competition. Industry rivalry here occurs in the strategic alliances i.e. battle to control market. With huge players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft there is a tuff battle between companies to dominate the market. The threat of entrants into the industry can be negligible with the existence of players like Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft etc. There can be no substitute to the video games. The Power of Buyers in the video game industry is low as there are very few successful companies in the video game industry, therefore a small variety of video games available to the buyers. On the other hand, the Power of Suppliers is very high as there are more suppliers available to a handful of companies in the video game industry.
Micro Environment
Suppliers:
Companies being the developers of their own video games become the suppliers themselves. The augmented products used in the development of these games may include cd’s, hard disks, electronic components, software’s, game writers, packaging of the consoles, printing of manuals and additional features like graphics etc to make the games more popular.
Distributors:
Distributors play a vital role in the video game industry. They include the local store distributors and now days the online distributors too who have majorly contributed to the video game industry. However it is essential to know the potential distributors of video games as some might just act as middlemen to make profits.
Customers:
The individuals playing video games comprise an increasingly large and definition-defying group. According to the Entertainment Software Association, the average gamer is 35 years old and has been playing for 13 years. Incidentally, there are more gamers than non-gamers in the U.S. population almost half of which are female. Today’s video game players include a diverse segment of students, employees, military troops, seniors, mothers and fathers who have driven the evolution of games into new territory. The first gamers have grown up, started families and included their children and parents in the fun, multiplying the pool of multi-generational gamers exponentially. As the population of gamers has expanded, market forces have driven game developers to make games more accessible to this new, diverse audience.
Competitors:
Sony and Microsoft are the major competitors of Nintendo. Sony has about 70% share in the market with Nintendo and Microsoft commanding rest of the market. Nintendo continues to be the market leader in the hand video games and is able to maintain a low price in the hardware. It and has a good reputation for maintaining healthy relationship with outside parties. The other small players like Sega, Vivendi and Universal Games, concentrate mainly on Arcade games, which are not a major threat to Nintendo. In general, the company offering good graphics games at competitive prices can become a leader in the gaming sector. But at the same time, it should also come up with newer products by carefully analysing the changing requirements of the users.
Video Game Markets and Consumer Behavior
Analysing consumer buying behaviour is important to marketers as this helps them to determine what satisfies consumers so that they can implement the marketing concept and predict how consumers will respond to different marketing strategies.
The decision making behaviour of a consumer within the video game industry is of high involvement and are based on the views of the opinion leaders. The influences that affect consumer buying decision process within the video game industry may be either the personal or the social factors.
Segmentation within the video game industry is done according to demographic, psychographic and behavioural. Over the period, the demographics of the customers played a major role, from children to the middle aged, also the women, the video game industry now has a wide audience. The psychographic aspect of video games reflects Maslow’s theory wherein the industry becomes a part of the social and esteem needs. The industry has change from being confined to oneself to become a part of social class and lifestyle.
The industry mainly depends on word of mouth as its communication strategy. The various marketing strategies used by them include the frontal attack and the Guerilla strategy. The promotion of a product helps in positioning them. For example Nintendo had created an intense buzz in the gaming community about the release of Wii and planned for in store advertisement.
Need extra income? Need to lose weight? Need to get fit? Need to get healthier? Go here!
Bertahun-tahun naikkan lemak badan. Lemak jadi keras dan degil. Turunkan lemak badan... guna Herbalife 2-5 bulan. Berhenti, naik balik dalam masa 6 bulan... jangan risau, itu bukan lemak yang bertahun2. Sekejap sahaja boleh turunkan balik. Saya boleh bantu. Kalau Ustaz Norazman boleh buat, kenapa tidak kita?
Thursday, 24 December 2009
Strategic models
Marketing participants often employ strategic models and tools to analyze marketing decisions. When beginning a strategic analysis, the 3Cs can be employed to get a broad understanding of the strategic environment. An Ansoff Matrix is also often used to convey an organization's strategic positioning of their marketing mix. The 4Ps can then be utilized to form a marketing plan to pursue a defined strategy.
Marketing in Practice - The Kid
The Consumer-Centric Business
There are a many companies especially those in the Consumer Package Goods (CPG) market that adopt the theory of running their business centered around Consumer, Shopper & Retailer needs. Their Marketing departments spend quality time looking for "Growth Opportunities" in their categories by identifying relevant insights (both mindsets and behaviors) on their target Consumers, Shoppers and retail partners. These Growth Opportunities emerge from changes in market trends, segment dynamics changing and also internal brand or operational business challenges.The Marketing team can then prioritize these Growth Opportunities and begin to develop strategies to exploit the opportunities that could include new or adapted products, services as well as changes to the 7Ps.
Real-life marketing primarily revolves around the application of a great deal of common-sense; dealing with a limited number of factors, in an environment of imperfect information and limited resources complicated by uncertainty and tight timescales. Use of classical marketing techniques, in these circumstances, is inevitably partial and uneven.
Thus, for example, many new products will emerge from irrational processes and the rational development process may be used (if at all) to screen out the worst non-runners. The design of the advertising, and the packaging, will be the output of the creative minds employed; which management will then screen, often by 'gut-reaction', to ensure that it is reasonable.
For most of their time, marketing managers use intuition and experience to analyze and handle the complex, and unique, situations being faced; without easy reference to theory. This will often be 'flying by the seat of the pants', or 'gut-reaction'; where the overall strategy, coupled with the knowledge of the customer which has been absorbed almost by a process of osmosis, will determine the quality of the marketing employed. This, almost instinctive management, is what is sometimes called 'coarse marketing'; to distinguish it from the refined, aesthetically pleasing, form favored by the theorists.
Marketing in Practice - The Kid
The Consumer-Centric Business
There are a many companies especially those in the Consumer Package Goods (CPG) market that adopt the theory of running their business centered around Consumer, Shopper & Retailer needs. Their Marketing departments spend quality time looking for "Growth Opportunities" in their categories by identifying relevant insights (both mindsets and behaviors) on their target Consumers, Shoppers and retail partners. These Growth Opportunities emerge from changes in market trends, segment dynamics changing and also internal brand or operational business challenges.The Marketing team can then prioritize these Growth Opportunities and begin to develop strategies to exploit the opportunities that could include new or adapted products, services as well as changes to the 7Ps.
Real-life marketing primarily revolves around the application of a great deal of common-sense; dealing with a limited number of factors, in an environment of imperfect information and limited resources complicated by uncertainty and tight timescales. Use of classical marketing techniques, in these circumstances, is inevitably partial and uneven.
Thus, for example, many new products will emerge from irrational processes and the rational development process may be used (if at all) to screen out the worst non-runners. The design of the advertising, and the packaging, will be the output of the creative minds employed; which management will then screen, often by 'gut-reaction', to ensure that it is reasonable.
For most of their time, marketing managers use intuition and experience to analyze and handle the complex, and unique, situations being faced; without easy reference to theory. This will often be 'flying by the seat of the pants', or 'gut-reaction'; where the overall strategy, coupled with the knowledge of the customer which has been absorbed almost by a process of osmosis, will determine the quality of the marketing employed. This, almost instinctive management, is what is sometimes called 'coarse marketing'; to distinguish it from the refined, aesthetically pleasing, form favored by the theorists.
Types of strategies
Marketing strategies may differ depending on the unique situation of the individual business. However there are a number of ways of categorizing some generic strategies. A brief description of the most common categorizing schemes is presented below:
• Strategies based on market dominance - In this scheme, firms are classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. Typically there are four types of market dominance strategies:
• Strategies based on market dominance - In this scheme, firms are classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. Typically there are four types of market dominance strategies:
- Leader
- Challenger
- Follower
- Nicher
- Product differentiation
- Market segmentation
- Pioneers
- Close followers
- Late followers
- Horizontal integration
- Vertical integration
- Diversification
- Intensification
- Prospector
- Analyzer
- Defender
- Reactor
- Marketing warfare strategies - This scheme draws parallels between marketing strategies and military strategies.
Tactics and actions
A marketing strategy can serve as the foundation of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a set of specific actions required to successfully implement a marketing strategy. For example: "Use a low cost product to attract consumers. Once our organization, via our low cost product, has established a relationship with consumers, our organization will sell additional, higher-margin products and services that enhance the consumer's interaction with the low-cost product or service."
A strategy consists of a well thought out series of tactics to make a marketing plan more effective. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to fill market needs and reach marketing objectives[5]. Plans and objectives are generally tested for measurable results.
A marketing strategy often integrates an organization's marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. Similarly, the various strands of the strategy , which might include advertising, channel marketing, internet marketing, promotion and public relations can be orchestrated. Many companies cascade a strategy throughout an organization, by creating strategy tactics that then become strategy goals for the next level or group. Each one group is expected to take that strategy goal and develop a set of tactics to achieve that goal. This is why it is important to make each strategy goal measurable.
Marketing strategies are dynamic and interactive. They are partially planned and partially unplanned. See strategy dynamics.
A strategy consists of a well thought out series of tactics to make a marketing plan more effective. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental underpinning of marketing plans designed to fill market needs and reach marketing objectives[5]. Plans and objectives are generally tested for measurable results.
A marketing strategy often integrates an organization's marketing goals, policies, and action sequences (tactics) into a cohesive whole. Similarly, the various strands of the strategy , which might include advertising, channel marketing, internet marketing, promotion and public relations can be orchestrated. Many companies cascade a strategy throughout an organization, by creating strategy tactics that then become strategy goals for the next level or group. Each one group is expected to take that strategy goal and develop a set of tactics to achieve that goal. This is why it is important to make each strategy goal measurable.
Marketing strategies are dynamic and interactive. They are partially planned and partially unplanned. See strategy dynamics.
Marketing strategy
Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organization's energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firm's marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena. Corporate strategies, corporate missions, and corporate goals. As the customer constitutes the source of a company's revenue, marketing strategy is closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is often to keep marketing in line with a company's overarching mission statement[4].
Basic theory:
1. Target Audience
2. Proposition/Key Element
3. Implementation
Basic theory:
1. Target Audience
2. Proposition/Key Element
3. Implementation
Marketing Strategy Case Study - To note
1. Positioning Plan
2. Segmentation
5. Michael Porter's Value Chain
6. Corporate Social Responsibility
7. SWOT Analysis (With Competitors)
8. PESTLE - Micro & Macro Environment Analysis.
RIP - Remind, Inform & Persuade
ADIPPS - Advertising, Direct Selling, Integrated Marketing (Internet), Personal Selling, Public Relations & Sales Promotion
Perceptual Mapping
Product Life Cycle
*Justify Answers & Give Example.
Date of notes: 19.12.2009
2. Segmentation
- Demographic
- Psychographic
- Behavioural
- Porter's Strategy
- Ansoff's Strategy
5. Michael Porter's Value Chain
6. Corporate Social Responsibility
7. SWOT Analysis (With Competitors)
8. PESTLE - Micro & Macro Environment Analysis.
RIP - Remind, Inform & Persuade
ADIPPS - Advertising, Direct Selling, Integrated Marketing (Internet), Personal Selling, Public Relations & Sales Promotion
Perceptual Mapping
Product Life Cycle
*Justify Answers & Give Example.
Date of notes: 19.12.2009
Learn Arabic, in English
We will learn the Arabic language by Yusuf Estes
His own style fun
First Section
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBYPpmQSUUE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX057TnVzFA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRSVUQdISn4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvHnSUUY030&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JO04g3kCpUE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_H3MimizHk&feature=related
Second Section
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRdPL4XDH4g&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaFN2PZoBeQ&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_0XMhluNxA&feature=related
This is a group of other ways to pronounce the Arabic script
pronounce
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo83mHA6HCo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_maWkYhlBE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3LAVJkBwVA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3O7bso8BGQ&feature=related
His own style fun
First Section
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBYPpmQSUUE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX057TnVzFA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRSVUQdISn4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvHnSUUY030&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JO04g3kCpUE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_H3MimizHk&feature=related
Second Section
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRdPL4XDH4g&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaFN2PZoBeQ&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_0XMhluNxA&feature=related
This is a group of other ways to pronounce the Arabic script
pronounce
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oo83mHA6HCo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_maWkYhlBE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3LAVJkBwVA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3O7bso8BGQ&feature=related
AWAS !!! 78 JENIS KEBURUKKAN GULA YANG PERLU ANDA KETAHUI !!!
1. Melemahkan sistem imunisasi (melawan penyakit)
2. Menganggu imbangan galian dalam tubuh
3. Menyebabkan kanak-kanak menjadi hiperaktif, gelisah dan nakal.
4. Menyebabkan kanak-kanak rasa mengantuk dan mengurangkan kecergasan
5. Menjejaskan pencapaian kanak-kanak dalam pelajaran
6. Meningkatkan paras trigliserid
7. Melemahkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap jangkitan bakteria
8. Merosakkan buah pinggang
9. Mengurangkan kolesterol yang baik (HDLs)
10. Mengalakkan pertumbuhan kolesterol bahaya (LDLs)
11. Mengurangkan kromium dalam badan
12. Mengurangkan kuprum dalam badan
13. Menganggu serapan kalsium dan magnesium oleh sistem badan
14. Menyebabkan kanser payu dara, kanser ovari, kanser prostat dan kanser dubur
15. Menyebabkan kanser kolon (usus besar) dan wanita amat berisiko tinggi
16. Faktor kepada kanser pundi hempedu
17. Meningkatkan pasar glukosa dalam darah dengan cepat
18, Melemahkan penglihatan
19. Meningkatkan paras serotonin yang menyempitkan pembuluh darah
20. Penyebab hipoglisemia
21. Penyebab perut berasid
22. Meningkatkan paras adrenalin dikalangan kanak-kanak
23. Meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung koronari
24. Mempercepat proses penuaan, kulit berkedut, uban pada rambut
25. Membawa kepada ketagihan alkohol
26. Merosakkan gigi
27. Penyumbang utama kegemukkan
28. Meningkatkan risiko penyakit Crohn dan kolitis berulser
29. Penyebab bengkak saluran usus dikalangan pesakit gastrik
30. Penyebab artritis
31. Penyebab lelah
32. Pembentukan batu dalam ginjal
33. Penyebab jangkitan yis atau kandidiasis
34. Penyebab pembentukan batu karang hempedu
35. Penyebab sakit jantung iskemik
36. Penyebab sakit apendiks
37. Meransang tanda-tanda multiple sclerosis
38. Penyebab pendarahan
39. Penyebab Vena Varikos
40. Meningkatkan tindak balas glukosa dan insulin kepada pengamal pil cegah hamil
41. Penyebab sakit gusi
42. Penyumbang kepada Osteoporosis
43. Penyebab air liur menjadi berasid
44. Penyebab kemerosotan sensitiviti Insulin
45. Penyebab kemerosotan toleransi Glukosa
46. Mengurangkan hormon tumbesaran
47. Meningkatkan kolesterol dalam badan
48. Meningkatkan tekanan darah sistolik
49. Menyebabkan struktur protein bertukar hingga menganggu serapan protein oleh tubuh
50. Penyebab alergi terhadap makanan
51. Penyumbang kepada sakit kencing manis
52. Penyebab keracunan darah semasa hamil
53. Penyebab ekzema kepada kanak-kanak
54. Penyebab penyakit kardiovaskular
55. Melemahkan struktur DNA
56. Penyebab Katarak
57. Penyebab Emfisema
58. Penyebab arteriosclerosis
59. Penyebab pembentukan radikal bebas dalam aliran darah
60. Merendahkan kemampuan enzim
61. Penyebab kehilangan keanjalan tisu serta fungsinya
62. Penyebab sel hati terbahagi dan ini akan meningkatkan saiz hati
63. Meningkatkan lemak dalam Hati
64. Membesarkan saiz buah pinggang
65. Memberikan tekanan tinggi kepada pankreas dan akan merosakkannya
66. Meningkatkan retensi cecair dalam badan
67. Penyebab sembelit
68. Penyebab rabun jauh
69. Penyebab lapisan rerambut
70. Penyebab hipertensi
71. Penyebab sakit kepala
72. Menganggu kemampuan berfikir
73. Penyebab kemurungan
74. Meningkatkan tindak balas insulin
75. Penyebab penapaian bakteria dalam usus
76. Penyebab ketidak seimbangan hormon
77. Meningkatkan risiko darah beku dalam badan
78. Meningkatkan risiko sakit Alzheimer
Penyakit kencing manis atau diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit yang semakin banyak dihidapi oleh masyarakat sekarang ekoran gaya hidup moden. Makanan segera, makanan siap dibeli di gerai atau restoran kadang-kala boleh menyumbang kepada penyakit berkaitan.
Di Malaysia saja, hampir 1.2 juta individu dikenal pasti menghidap tersebut dan menurut Persatuan Perubatan Malaysia (MMA), diabetes boleh berlaku pada mana-mana kaum di negara ini. Diabetes jika tidak dikawal boleh menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular atau jantung, kegagalan ginjal, kerosakan retina, saraf dan luka yang sukar disembuhkan.
2. Menganggu imbangan galian dalam tubuh
3. Menyebabkan kanak-kanak menjadi hiperaktif, gelisah dan nakal.
4. Menyebabkan kanak-kanak rasa mengantuk dan mengurangkan kecergasan
5. Menjejaskan pencapaian kanak-kanak dalam pelajaran
6. Meningkatkan paras trigliserid
7. Melemahkan daya tahan tubuh terhadap jangkitan bakteria
8. Merosakkan buah pinggang
9. Mengurangkan kolesterol yang baik (HDLs)
10. Mengalakkan pertumbuhan kolesterol bahaya (LDLs)
11. Mengurangkan kromium dalam badan
12. Mengurangkan kuprum dalam badan
13. Menganggu serapan kalsium dan magnesium oleh sistem badan
14. Menyebabkan kanser payu dara, kanser ovari, kanser prostat dan kanser dubur
15. Menyebabkan kanser kolon (usus besar) dan wanita amat berisiko tinggi
16. Faktor kepada kanser pundi hempedu
17. Meningkatkan pasar glukosa dalam darah dengan cepat
18, Melemahkan penglihatan
19. Meningkatkan paras serotonin yang menyempitkan pembuluh darah
20. Penyebab hipoglisemia
21. Penyebab perut berasid
22. Meningkatkan paras adrenalin dikalangan kanak-kanak
23. Meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung koronari
24. Mempercepat proses penuaan, kulit berkedut, uban pada rambut
25. Membawa kepada ketagihan alkohol
26. Merosakkan gigi
27. Penyumbang utama kegemukkan
28. Meningkatkan risiko penyakit Crohn dan kolitis berulser
29. Penyebab bengkak saluran usus dikalangan pesakit gastrik
30. Penyebab artritis
31. Penyebab lelah
32. Pembentukan batu dalam ginjal
33. Penyebab jangkitan yis atau kandidiasis
34. Penyebab pembentukan batu karang hempedu
35. Penyebab sakit jantung iskemik
36. Penyebab sakit apendiks
37. Meransang tanda-tanda multiple sclerosis
38. Penyebab pendarahan
39. Penyebab Vena Varikos
40. Meningkatkan tindak balas glukosa dan insulin kepada pengamal pil cegah hamil
41. Penyebab sakit gusi
42. Penyumbang kepada Osteoporosis
43. Penyebab air liur menjadi berasid
44. Penyebab kemerosotan sensitiviti Insulin
45. Penyebab kemerosotan toleransi Glukosa
46. Mengurangkan hormon tumbesaran
47. Meningkatkan kolesterol dalam badan
48. Meningkatkan tekanan darah sistolik
49. Menyebabkan struktur protein bertukar hingga menganggu serapan protein oleh tubuh
50. Penyebab alergi terhadap makanan
51. Penyumbang kepada sakit kencing manis
52. Penyebab keracunan darah semasa hamil
53. Penyebab ekzema kepada kanak-kanak
54. Penyebab penyakit kardiovaskular
55. Melemahkan struktur DNA
56. Penyebab Katarak
57. Penyebab Emfisema
58. Penyebab arteriosclerosis
59. Penyebab pembentukan radikal bebas dalam aliran darah
60. Merendahkan kemampuan enzim
61. Penyebab kehilangan keanjalan tisu serta fungsinya
62. Penyebab sel hati terbahagi dan ini akan meningkatkan saiz hati
63. Meningkatkan lemak dalam Hati
64. Membesarkan saiz buah pinggang
65. Memberikan tekanan tinggi kepada pankreas dan akan merosakkannya
66. Meningkatkan retensi cecair dalam badan
67. Penyebab sembelit
68. Penyebab rabun jauh
69. Penyebab lapisan rerambut
70. Penyebab hipertensi
71. Penyebab sakit kepala
72. Menganggu kemampuan berfikir
73. Penyebab kemurungan
74. Meningkatkan tindak balas insulin
75. Penyebab penapaian bakteria dalam usus
76. Penyebab ketidak seimbangan hormon
77. Meningkatkan risiko darah beku dalam badan
78. Meningkatkan risiko sakit Alzheimer
Penyakit kencing manis atau diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit yang semakin banyak dihidapi oleh masyarakat sekarang ekoran gaya hidup moden. Makanan segera, makanan siap dibeli di gerai atau restoran kadang-kala boleh menyumbang kepada penyakit berkaitan.
Di Malaysia saja, hampir 1.2 juta individu dikenal pasti menghidap tersebut dan menurut Persatuan Perubatan Malaysia (MMA), diabetes boleh berlaku pada mana-mana kaum di negara ini. Diabetes jika tidak dikawal boleh menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular atau jantung, kegagalan ginjal, kerosakan retina, saraf dan luka yang sukar disembuhkan.
Wednesday, 23 December 2009
Correct Timing For Drinking Water
Two (02) glass of water - After waking up - Helps activate internal organs
One (01) glasses of water - 30 minutes before meal - Help digestion
One (01) glass of water - Before taking a bath - Helps lower blood pressure
One (01) glass of water - Before sleep - To avoid stroke or heart attack
Tuesday, 22 December 2009
Peristiwa wanita ke neraka pada malam Mikraj
Sayidina Ali Karamallahuwajhah berkata:
“Saya dengan Fatimah pergi menghadap Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam. Kami dapati beliau sedang menangis, lalu kami bertanya kepadanya, apakah yang menyebabkan ayahanda menangis, ya Rasulullah?”
Baginda Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Pada malam aku diisrak hingga ke langit, di sana aku melihat perempuan dalam keadaan amat dahsyat. Dengan sebab itu aku menangis mengenangkan azab yang diterima mereka.”
Saidina Ali Karamallahuwajhah bertanya:
“Apakah yang ayahanda lihat di sana?”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Aku lihat ada perempuan digantung rambutnya, otak kepalanya menggelegak. Aku lihat perempuan digantung lidahnya, tangannya diikat ke belakang dan timah cair dicurah ke dalam halkumnya (tekak).
“Aku lihat perempuan yang digantung kedua-dua kakinya terikat, tangannya diikat ke ubun-ubunnya, didatangkan ular dan kala. Aku lihat perempuan yang memakan dagingnya sendiri, di bawahnya dinyalakan api neraka. Aku lihat perempuan mukanya hitam dan memakan tali perutnya sendiri. “Aku lihat perempuan yang telinga pekak dan matanya buta, diisikan ke dalam peti yang diperbuat daripada api neraka, otaknya keluar daripada lubang hidung, badan bau busuk kerana penyakit kusta dan sopak.
“Aku lihat perempuan yang kepalanya seperti babi, badannya seperti himar dengan pelbagai kesengsaraan dihadapinya. Aku lihat perempuan yang rupanya seperti anjing, kala dan ular masuk ke kemaluannya, mulut dan pelepasnya (punggung). Malaikat memukulnya dengan corong api neraka.”
Fatimah pun bertanya kepada ayahandanya:
“Ayahanda yang dikasihi, beritakanlah kepada anakanda, apakah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh perempuan itu?”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Fatimah, adapun perempuan tergantung rambutnya itu adalah perempuan yang tidak menutup rambut daripada bukan muhrimnya. Perempuan tergantung lidahnya ialah perempuan yang menggunakan lidahnya untuk memaki dan menyakiti hati suaminya.
“Perempuan yang digantung susunya adalah perempuan yang menyusukan anak orang lain tanpa izin suaminya. Perempuan kedua-dua kakinya tergantung itu ialah perempuan yang keluar dari rumahnya tanpa izin suaminya.
“Perempuan tidak mahu mandi daripada suci haid dan nifas ialah perempuan yang memakan badannya sendiri, juga kerana ia berhias untuk lelaki bukan suaminya dan suka mengumpat orang.
“Perempuan yang memotong badannya sendiri dengan gunting api neraka kerana ia memperkenalkan dirinya kepada orang asing, bersolek dan berhias supaya kecantikannya dilihat lelaki lain.
“Perempuan diikat kedua kakinya dan tangannya ke atas ubun-ubunnya, disuakan ular dan kala kepadanya kerana ia boleh sembahyang tetapi tidak mengerjakannya dan tidak mandi janabah.
“Perempuan kepalanya seperti babi dan badannya seperti himar ialah ahli pengumpat dan pendusta. Perempuan rupanya seperti anjing ialah perempuan yang suka membuat fitnah dan membenci suaminya.
Seterusnya Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Perempuan menyakit hati suami dengan lidahnya pada hari kiamat nanti Allah jadikan lidahnya sepanjang 70 hasta kemudian diikat di belakang tengkoknya.”
Abu Bakar as-Sidiq mengatakan, aku dengar Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Perempuan menggunakan lidah untuk menyakiti hati suaminya ia akan dilaknat dan kemurkaan Allah.”
Usamah bin Zaid menceritakan, bahawa Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Aku berdiri di atas syurga, kebanyakan yang masuk ke dalamnya adalah golongan miskin dan orang kaya tertahan di luar pintu syurga kerana dihisab. Selain daripada itu ahli neraka diperintahkan masuk ke dalam neraka, dan aku berdiri di atas pintu neraka, aku lihat kebanyakan yang masuk ke dalam neraka adalah perempuan.”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Aku lihat api neraka, tidak pernah aku melihatnya seperti hari ini, kerana ada pemandangan yang dahsyat di dalamnya aku saksikan kebanyakan ahli neraka adalah perempuan.”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam ditanya, “Mengapa ya Rasulullah?”
Baginda Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Perempuan mengkufurkan suaminya dan mengkufurkan ihsannya, Jika engkau membuat baik kepadanya seberapa banyak pun dia belum berpuas hati dan cukup.” (Hadis riwayat Bukhari)
“Saya dengan Fatimah pergi menghadap Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam. Kami dapati beliau sedang menangis, lalu kami bertanya kepadanya, apakah yang menyebabkan ayahanda menangis, ya Rasulullah?”
Baginda Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Pada malam aku diisrak hingga ke langit, di sana aku melihat perempuan dalam keadaan amat dahsyat. Dengan sebab itu aku menangis mengenangkan azab yang diterima mereka.”
Saidina Ali Karamallahuwajhah bertanya:
“Apakah yang ayahanda lihat di sana?”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Aku lihat ada perempuan digantung rambutnya, otak kepalanya menggelegak. Aku lihat perempuan digantung lidahnya, tangannya diikat ke belakang dan timah cair dicurah ke dalam halkumnya (tekak).
“Aku lihat perempuan yang digantung kedua-dua kakinya terikat, tangannya diikat ke ubun-ubunnya, didatangkan ular dan kala. Aku lihat perempuan yang memakan dagingnya sendiri, di bawahnya dinyalakan api neraka. Aku lihat perempuan mukanya hitam dan memakan tali perutnya sendiri. “Aku lihat perempuan yang telinga pekak dan matanya buta, diisikan ke dalam peti yang diperbuat daripada api neraka, otaknya keluar daripada lubang hidung, badan bau busuk kerana penyakit kusta dan sopak.
“Aku lihat perempuan yang kepalanya seperti babi, badannya seperti himar dengan pelbagai kesengsaraan dihadapinya. Aku lihat perempuan yang rupanya seperti anjing, kala dan ular masuk ke kemaluannya, mulut dan pelepasnya (punggung). Malaikat memukulnya dengan corong api neraka.”
Fatimah pun bertanya kepada ayahandanya:
“Ayahanda yang dikasihi, beritakanlah kepada anakanda, apakah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh perempuan itu?”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Fatimah, adapun perempuan tergantung rambutnya itu adalah perempuan yang tidak menutup rambut daripada bukan muhrimnya. Perempuan tergantung lidahnya ialah perempuan yang menggunakan lidahnya untuk memaki dan menyakiti hati suaminya.
“Perempuan yang digantung susunya adalah perempuan yang menyusukan anak orang lain tanpa izin suaminya. Perempuan kedua-dua kakinya tergantung itu ialah perempuan yang keluar dari rumahnya tanpa izin suaminya.
“Perempuan tidak mahu mandi daripada suci haid dan nifas ialah perempuan yang memakan badannya sendiri, juga kerana ia berhias untuk lelaki bukan suaminya dan suka mengumpat orang.
“Perempuan yang memotong badannya sendiri dengan gunting api neraka kerana ia memperkenalkan dirinya kepada orang asing, bersolek dan berhias supaya kecantikannya dilihat lelaki lain.
“Perempuan diikat kedua kakinya dan tangannya ke atas ubun-ubunnya, disuakan ular dan kala kepadanya kerana ia boleh sembahyang tetapi tidak mengerjakannya dan tidak mandi janabah.
“Perempuan kepalanya seperti babi dan badannya seperti himar ialah ahli pengumpat dan pendusta. Perempuan rupanya seperti anjing ialah perempuan yang suka membuat fitnah dan membenci suaminya.
Seterusnya Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Perempuan menyakit hati suami dengan lidahnya pada hari kiamat nanti Allah jadikan lidahnya sepanjang 70 hasta kemudian diikat di belakang tengkoknya.”
Abu Bakar as-Sidiq mengatakan, aku dengar Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Perempuan menggunakan lidah untuk menyakiti hati suaminya ia akan dilaknat dan kemurkaan Allah.”
Usamah bin Zaid menceritakan, bahawa Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Aku berdiri di atas syurga, kebanyakan yang masuk ke dalamnya adalah golongan miskin dan orang kaya tertahan di luar pintu syurga kerana dihisab. Selain daripada itu ahli neraka diperintahkan masuk ke dalam neraka, dan aku berdiri di atas pintu neraka, aku lihat kebanyakan yang masuk ke dalam neraka adalah perempuan.”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam bersabda yang bermaksud:
“Aku lihat api neraka, tidak pernah aku melihatnya seperti hari ini, kerana ada pemandangan yang dahsyat di dalamnya aku saksikan kebanyakan ahli neraka adalah perempuan.”
Rasulullah Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam ditanya, “Mengapa ya Rasulullah?”
Baginda Sallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menjawab:
“Perempuan mengkufurkan suaminya dan mengkufurkan ihsannya, Jika engkau membuat baik kepadanya seberapa banyak pun dia belum berpuas hati dan cukup.” (Hadis riwayat Bukhari)
Monday, 21 December 2009
Sunday, 20 December 2009
Nintendo Wii, Playstation 3 & XBOX 360 Comparison
Hardware Comparison... Note the Processors (CPU & GPU)
Tuesday, 15 December 2009
Selawat Anwar
اَللّهُمَّ صَلِى وَسَلِّمْ عَلَى نُورِالاَنْوَار . وَسِرِّالاسْرَارْ . وَتِرْيَاقِ اْلاَغْيَارْ . وَمِفْتَاحِ بَابِ اليَسَارْ . سَيِّدِنَا وَمَولانَا مُحَمًّدٍ المُخْتَار وَآلِهِ الاَطْهَار . وَاَصْحَابِهِ الاَخْيَار . عَدَدَ نِعَمِ اللهِ وَاِ فْضَالِه
“Wahai Allah, rahmatilah ke atas cahaya dari kalangan cahaya-cahaya dan rahsia dari kalangan rahsia-rahsia, kunci pintu kiri, penghulu kami Muhammad dan tuan kami Muhammad, yang terpilih, ahli keluarganya yang suci, dan sahabat-sahabatnya yg telah dipilih sebanyak bilangan nikmat Allah dan kelebihan-kelebihannya”
“Wahai Allah, rahmatilah ke atas cahaya dari kalangan cahaya-cahaya dan rahsia dari kalangan rahsia-rahsia, kunci pintu kiri, penghulu kami Muhammad dan tuan kami Muhammad, yang terpilih, ahli keluarganya yang suci, dan sahabat-sahabatnya yg telah dipilih sebanyak bilangan nikmat Allah dan kelebihan-kelebihannya”
Monday, 14 December 2009
Thursday, 10 December 2009
DU’AA
Allaahumaghfiril mu’mineena wal mu’minaat, wal muslimeen wal muslimaat, al ahyaai minhum wal amwaat, innaka samiyyun qareebum mujeeb-u-da’waat. Birahmatika ya arhamar-raahimeen.
O Allaah, forgive the believers men and women, and the Muslims, men and women, the alive among them and the dead, indeed You are All-Hearing Ever-Close and Answerer-of-calls, with your mercy O Most Merciful of those who show mercy
Allaahumma, aati nufoosana taqwaaha, wa zakkiha anta khairu man zakkaahaa, anta waliyyuha wa maulaaha.
O Allaah! Give our souls piety, and purify them for you’re the best of those who purify (them), you’re the Master and Protector (of our souls)
Allaahumma, habbib ilayna eemana, wa zayyinhu fi quloobina, wa karrih ilaynal kufra wal fusooqa wa ‘isyaan, wa ja’alna minar raashideen.
O Allaah! Endear faith to us, and beautify it in our hearts, and make loathing to us disbelief, wrongdoing and contumacy, and make us of the guided.
Allaahumunsuril muslimeen fi kulli makaan….Allahum a’izza al-islaama wal muslimeen.. wa adhillash shirka wal mushrikeen.
O Allaah, help the Muslims in every place… O Allaah, elevate (in honor) Islam and the Muslims, and disgrace polytheism and the polytheists.
Allahumma inna nasalukal huda, wat tuqaa, wal afaafa, wal ghinaa
O Allaah, we ask you guidance, and piety/God-fearing-ness, and chastity, and self-sufficiency.
Allahumma arinal haqqa haqqawn warzuqnat tiba’ah, wa arinal batila batilawn warzuqnajtinabah
O Allaah, show us the truth as the truth and bestow upon us obedience (to it),
And show us falsehood as falsehood and bestow upon us refrain (from it)
Allahumma arinal ashyaa kamaa hiya
O Allaah, show me things to be the way they are (i.e. so I do not misunderstand / misinterpret / blow them out of proportion / underestimate them )
Rabba aatina fid dunya hasana, wa fil aakhirati hasana, wa qeena azaaban naar.
Tuesday, 8 December 2009
Saturday, 5 December 2009
Ethical, social and environmental aspects of marketing
Ethical issues in an RM approach
Ethical problems occur only when an individual interacts with other people. Ethical conflicts then occur when people perceive that their duties towards one group are inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities towards some other group.
Kavali et al. (1999) tried to identify a number of potential ethical conflicts in the following marketing relationships:
The following framework may be used as a guide for marketing managers to plan and implement morally justified RM operations (Takala and Uusitalo, 1996). The guide consists of four parts.
Ethical problems occur only when an individual interacts with other people. Ethical conflicts then occur when people perceive that their duties towards one group are inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities towards some other group.
Kavali et al. (1999) tried to identify a number of potential ethical conflicts in the following marketing relationships:
- Between different divisions in the company (e.g. between HQ and subsidiaries)
- Between the company and its customers
- Between the company and its competitors
- Between the company and its suppliers
The following framework may be used as a guide for marketing managers to plan and implement morally justified RM operations (Takala and Uusitalo, 1996). The guide consists of four parts.
- The ethics of keeping promises and telling the truth
- The ethics of equal treatment of customers
- The ethics of commitment
- The ethics of communication
Promotional Mix / Elements
Advertising
Direct Marketing
Interactive / Internet
Personal Selling
Public Relation
Sales Promotion
Integrated Marketing Channel (Mix of 2 or more of the marketing channel but not all)
Direct Marketing
Interactive / Internet
Personal Selling
Public Relation
Sales Promotion
Integrated Marketing Channel (Mix of 2 or more of the marketing channel but not all)
Ansoff's product / market matrix
The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide their product and market growth strategy.
Ansoff’s product/market growth matrix suggests that a business’ attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets.
The output from the Ansoff product/market matrix is a series of suggested growth strategies that set the direction for the business strategy. These are described below:
Market penetration
Market penetration is the name given to a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling existing products into existing markets.
Market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives:
• Maintain or increase the market share of current products – this can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to personal selling
• Secure dominance of growth markets
• Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors; this would require a much more aggressive promotional campaign, supported by a pricing strategy designed to make the market unattractive for competitors
• Increase usage by existing customers – for example by introducing loyalty schemes
A market penetration marketing strategy is very much about “business as usual”. The business is focusing on markets and products it knows well. It is likely to have good information on competitors and on customer needs. It is unlikely, therefore, that this strategy will require much investment in new market research.
Market development
Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets.
There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including:
• New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country
• New product dimensions or packaging: for example
• New distribution channels
• Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments
Product development
Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. This strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets.
Diversification
Diversification is the name given to the growth strategy where a business markets new products in new markets.
This is an inherently more risk strategy because the business is moving into markets in which it has little or no experience.
For a business to adopt a diversification strategy, therefore, it must have a clear idea about what it expects to gain from the strategy and an honest assessment of the risks.
Taken from:
http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm
4 Pillars of Marketing
Also known as 4 P(s) and Marketing Mix
1. Product
2. Price
3. Promotion
4. Placing
1. Product
2. Price
3. Promotion
4. Placing
7 stages of new product development (NPD)
First Stage - Idea generation
Second Stage - Screening
Third Stage - Concept development & testing
Fourth Stage - Business analysis
Fifth Stage - Product development & testing
Sixth Stage - Test marketing
Seventh Stage - Commercialisation or launch
Explanation
Second Stage - Screening
Third Stage - Concept development & testing
Fourth Stage - Business analysis
Fifth Stage - Product development & testing
Sixth Stage - Test marketing
Seventh Stage - Commercialisation or launch
Explanation
Friday, 4 December 2009
Wednesday, 2 December 2009
Tuesday, 1 December 2009
It's not my job...
Not my job to move the dead animal...
Not my job to move the tree branch...
Not my job to remove the padlock...
A Motivational Smile -
That's Not My Job
By Author Unknown
This is a story told about four people named, Somebody, Everybody, Anybody and Nobody.
There was one important job to be done.
Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about it because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it. Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it.
It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
That's Not My Job
By Author Unknown
This is a story told about four people named, Somebody, Everybody, Anybody and Nobody.
There was one important job to be done.
Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about it because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it. Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it.
It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
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